Profile of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Composition of Sorghum caudatum Moench (L.) Grains from Burkina Faso
Ousséni Sawadogo *
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Abdoulaye Yougoubo
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso and Laboratoire des Technologies des Produits Naturels et de l’Environnement (LABTECH-PRONE), CNRST-IRSAT, BP 7047 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Boukaré Kaboré
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso and Laboratoire de Recherche-Développement de Phytomédicaments et Médicaments (L-RD/PM), IRSS-CNRST, BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Arrounan Noba
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Arouna Ganamé
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso and Laboratoire de Chimie et Energies Renouvelables (LaCER), Université Nazi BONI, BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
Dominique S. Kaboré
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Mahamadi Ouédraogo
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, de Physique Spatiale et Energétique (L@CAPSE), Université Nobert ZONGO, BP 376 Koudougou, Burkina Faso.
Benjamin Bazie
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso and Ecole Polytechnique de Ouagadougou (EPO), BP 234, Ouagadougou 18, Burkina Faso.
Rémy K. Bationo
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso and Laboratoire des Technologies des Produits Naturels et de l’Environnement (LABTECH-PRONE), CNRST-IRSAT, BP 7047 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Moumouni Koala
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso and Laboratoire de Recherche-Développement de Phytomédicaments et Médicaments (L-RD/PM), IRSS-CNRST, BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Hermine Zime Diawara
Laboratoire de Développement du Médicament (LADME/CEA-CFOREM), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Moussa Ouédraogo
Laboratoire de Développement du Médicament (LADME/CEA-CFOREM), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Eloi Palé
Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Environnementale et Bio-Organique (LCAEBiO), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Sorghum is an important cereal in Burkina Faso, but the combined 3-deoxyanthocyanidin (3-DXA) profile, antioxidant properties and mineral composition of locally harvested Sorghum caudatum grains remain insufficiently characterised. This study examined grain mineral content, identified the principal 3-DXA constituents of an extract, and assessed its in vitro antioxidant activity. Grains collected in Watinomin, Burkina Faso, were extracted with acidified ethanol. The extract was assessed using colour tests, high-performance thin-layer chromatography and HPLC-MS/MS. Total 3-DXA content was estimated using the differential pH method. Antioxidant activity was examined using ABTS and FRAP assays and hydrogen peroxide scavenging, while grain mineral concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The crude extract yield was 1.3%. Five compounds were assigned as apigeninidin, 7-O-methylapigeninidin, luteolinidin, 5-O-methylluteolinidin and 3′-O-methylluteolinidin. Total 3-DXA content was 25.94 ± 0.50 mg apigeninidin equivalents/g extract and 28.75 ± 0.56 mg luteolinidin equivalents/g extract. ABTS and FRAP values were 28.62 ± 0.47 and 44.15 ± 0.10 mg Trolox equivalents/g extract, respectively. The ABTS IC₅₀ was 105.56 ± 0.03 μg/mL, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging was 70.16 ± 0.29%. The grain contained magnesium (174.37), calcium (170.20), iron (16.35), zinc (15.29) and manganese (0.25 mg/100 g dry weight). The analysed grains contained 3-DXA, exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity and provided measurable quantities of several minerals; however, these findings do not establish bioavailability or health effects.
Keywords: Sorghum caudatum, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, antioxidant activity, minerals